The medieval castle of Limassol, located near the old port in the heart of the historical centre of the city, houses the medieval collection of the Museum of Cyprus. Although there were previous architectural phases of an older and larger structure, the current building dates back to the period of Ottoman domination.

The archaeological investigation inside the castle revealed that it was built over an early Christian basilica (4th-7th century AD) and a medium Byzantine monument (11th-11th century AD). Other finds under the castle testify to the existence of an important church, probably the first cathedral in the city. According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy de Lusignian in 1193. From its construction until the beginning of the 16th century, it suffered damage following the continuous attacks of the city by the Genoese and the Mamelukes, as well as by earthquakes that alternated with restorations and reconstructions. In 1538 the Ottomans captured Limassol and the Castle. The Venetian governor of Cyprus, after having recaptured the castle, decided to demolish it to avoid its possible kidnapping. This destruction was completed in 1567/8. After the Ottoman acquisition of Cyprus in 1576, the remains or parts of the castle remains were incorporated (around 1590) into the new Ottoman fort which was considerably strengthened. The underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1950. When the central prisons were transferred to Nicosia, Limassol Castle was ceded to the Department of Antiquities and used as a district museum and now houses the collection of the Medieval Museum of Cyprus since 1987.